Convert dog years to human years with the AVMA veterinary guideline and the UCSD genetic formula — both shown side by side.
| Input | Result |
|---|---|
| 5 dog years | AVMA 39 · UCSD 57 |
| 2 dog years | AVMA 24 · UCSD 42 |
| 18 dog years | AVMA 104 · UCSD 77 |
The old ×7 rule is a myth. The AVMA guideline for a medium dog: the first year counts about 15 human years, the second adds 9 (24 total), and each year after adds about 5. The UCSD genetic methylation study (Cell Systems, 2019) gives human age = 16 × ln(dog age) + 31.
The AVMA curve is based on life-stage milestones (puppy, adult, senior); the UCSD formula is fitted to DNA methylation clocks. They agree on the early years and diverge for seniors — both are shown so you can judge.
Yes. Small dogs live longer and age more slowly after year two (about +4 human years per dog year); giant breeds age faster (+6 or more). This calculator uses the medium-dog +5 curve.