Convert dog years to human years with the AVMA veterinary guideline and the UCSD genetic formula, both shown side by side.
| Input | Result |
|---|---|
| 5 dog years | AVMA 39 · UCSD 57 |
| 2 dog years | AVMA 24 · UCSD 42 |
| 18 dog years | AVMA 104 · UCSD 77 |
AVMA medium-dog curve against the UCSD genetic clock (Cell Systems, 2019), pre-run for the ages most often looked up. The two agree early and diverge for seniors; both are shown so you can judge which fits your dog.
| Dog age | AVMA (human years) | UCSD genetic |
|---|---|---|
| 1 dog years | 15 | — |
| 2 dog years | 24 | 42 |
| 3 dog years | 29 | 49 |
| 5 dog years | 39 | 57 |
| 10 dog years | 64 | 68 |
| 12 dog years | 74 | 71 |
| 13 dog years | 79 | 72 |
| 14 dog years | 84 | 73 |
| 15 dog years | 89 | 74 |
| 18 dog years | 104 | 77 |
The old ×7 rule is a myth. The AVMA guideline for a medium dog: the first year counts about 15 human years, the second adds 9 (24 total), and each year after adds about 5. The UCSD genetic methylation study (Cell Systems, 2019) gives human age = 16 × ln(dog age) + 31.
The AVMA curve is based on life-stage milestones (puppy, adult, senior); the UCSD formula is fitted to DNA methylation clocks. They agree on the early years and diverge for seniors, both are shown so you can judge.
Yes. Small dogs live longer and age more slowly after year two (about +4 human years per dog year); giant breeds age faster (+6 or more). This calculator uses the medium-dog +5 curve.